Oriental Religions Vol I Author:Samuel Johnson ORIENTAL RELIGIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO UNIVERSAL RELIGION BY SAMUEL JOHNSON INDIA IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. LONDON TRUBNER CO., LUDGATE HILL I8 79 All rights reservetf THE AUTHORS NOTE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. THE present number of Mr. Triibners Series, although but a single portion of a more extended work, will nevertheless, it is believed, be fo... more »und suitable for the series, as constituting by itself an independent treatise on the relations of Hindu civilization to the principles set forth in the Introductory Section. In reviewing the older religions of mankind, I have pre ferred a separate treatment of each race-stock, in order to refer its specific traits with the more precision and completeness to their functions in the evolution of psychological laws. BOSTON, MASS., April, 1879. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. Page INTRODUCTORY I INDIA. I. RELIGION AND LIFE. I. THE PRIMITIVE ARYAS 39 II. THE HINDU MIND 57 III. THE HYMNS 87 IV. TRADITION 153 V. THE LAWS 169 VI. WOMAN 203 VII. SOCIAL FORMS AND FORCES 237 II. RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY. I. VEDANTA 305 II. SANKHYA 375 INTRODUCTORY. HPHE pages now offered as a contribution to the Natural History of Religion are the The stand outgrowth of studies pursued with constant P int interest for more than twenty years. These studies have served substantially to confirm the views pre sented in a series of Lectures, delivered about that number of years since, on the Universality of Relig ious Ideas, as illustrated by the Ancient Faiths of the East. So imperfect were the sources of positive knowledge then accessible, that I chose to defer publication and such increase of light has been constantly flowing in upon this great field of research ever since, that I have continued to defer my report thereon, in view of the existing state of scholarship, until the present moment, when such reasons are comparatively without force. Engaged for many years in the public presentation of themes and principles of the nature here illustrated, I cannot but note that a trustworthy statement of what the non-Christian world has to offer to the eye of thoroughly free inquiry, in mat ters of belief, is more and more earnestly demanded that in the present stage of religious questions it is indispensable and that the sense of inadequacy felt by all who have thoughtfully approached the subject, in a degree which none but themselves can compre 2 INTRODUCTORY. tend, should no longer prevent us from performing Bur several parts in this work. I need hardly add that the response to this demand is already admirable on the part of liberal thinkers in Europe and America. To them the present contribution is dedicated, in cor dial appreciation of their spirit and their aim. It has been a labor not of duty only, but of love. I have been prompted by a desire of combining the testimony rendered by mans spiritual faculties in different epochs and races, concerning questions on which these facul ties are of necessity his court of final appeal. I have written, not as an advocate of Christianity or of any other distinctive religion, but as attracted on the one hand by the identity of the religious sentiment under all its great historic forms, and on the other by the movement indicated in their diversities and contrasts towards a higher plane of unity, on which their ex clusive claims shall disappear. It is only from this standpoint of the Universal in Religion that they can be treated with an appreciation worthy of our freedom, science, and humanity. The corner-stones of worship, as of work, are no longer to be laid in what is special, local, exclusive, or anoma lous but in that which is essentially human, and therefore unmistakably divine. The revelation of God, in other words, can be given in nothing else thanTKe natural consTilutionand culture of man. To be ihoroughly convinced of this will of itself forbid our imposing religious partialism on the facts pre sented by the history of the soul...« less