Indian Tribes Of The Southwest Author:White Mountain Smith Indian of the Southwest By MRS. WHITE MOUNTAIN SMITH Author of Hop Girl and I Mamed s Ranger Dlustrated by GEORGE L. COLLINS STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS THE BAKER TAYLOR COMPANY 55 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT ... more »M. MC BRIDE COMPANY 4 WEST SIXTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK MARTINUS NIJHOFF 9 LANGE VOORHOUT, THE HAGUE THE MARUZEN COMPANY TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, SENDAI COPYRIGHT 1933 BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PRINTED AND BOUND IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS To my father William G. Brown Foreword ENG before - the invasion of the Spanish or the later intrusion of the Anglo-Saxon race into the Southwest, the Indians had a civilization, developed by them, together with an enduring religion which met their every need. Arts far beyond those we strive to teach them were theirs. They wove wild cotton into garments willows and grasses they con verted into baskets and sandals from, clay they formed their household vessels, and from native stones ornaments with which to decorate them selves, their priests, and their altars. Religion was so ingrained in the Indian of the Southwest that he gave it up only when life ended. He prayed con tinuously to the Powers for protection, for health, for rain, for every need. The Red Gods ruled at all times. Centuries have passed since the coming of the white race. Indian tribes, as tribes, in most places have vanished from their homes and hunting fields. Only in the Southwest has the Indian clung staunchly to the ways of his forefathers, keeping his ancient faiths, although compelled to accept, at least outwardly, strange gods. Deeply interested in the Indians of the South west, a party of four college girls spent an entire IV INDIANTRIBES summer traveling by automobile from Reservation to Reservation under the guidance of the writer. The pleasant experiences of these trips inspired this little book. Dances and ceremonies are here described ex actly as they occurred, and the guides explanations accompanying them are the result of more than a decade of friendly intercourse and observation. The party at all times met with courtesy and hos pitality. These homes of Americas own children were open to us, not as members of a conquering race, but as personal friends. Indians acknowledge no superiority in their conquerors. They have great dignity and self-respect, and the object of this book is to bring them to the reader as an interesting race worth knowing at close quarters. For actual dates and statistics used in this work the author has consulted Goddards Indians of the Southwest, Coolidges The Navajo, Parishs His tory of Arizona, and government documents such as Survey of Conditions of the Indians of the United States. For intimate facts about certain tribes she is indebted to L. H. McSparron, Canyon de Chelly trader, and long a friend of the Navajos and to Mrs. Nancy Graham Pinkley, trusted friend of the Pimas. DAMA MARGARET SMITH HOLBROOK, ARIZONA February 18, 1933 Table of Contents PAGE ACOMA THE SKY CITY .... 1 APACHE INDIANS 16 HAVASUPAIS AND HUALAPAIS . . 34 HOPI SNAKE DANCERS .... 39 NAVAJO INDIANS 56 RIOGRANDEPUEBLOS . . . . 80 SALT RIVER INDIANS .... 103 TAGS PUEBLO 112 ZUNI PUEBLO INDEX Acoma the Sky City Location Northern New Mexico, sixteen miles south of highway U. S. 66. Railway Santa Fe. Accommodations Hotel Acoma at Laguna, New Mexico. Population 600. Religion Mixture of Catholic and native. Arts Pottery making. Industries Farming and stock-raising. ROMANCE and history have combined to make the pueblo town of ancient Acoma most fascinating. Perched on its earthly Rock of Ages this city claims to be the oldest continuously occupied Indian village in the Southwest. However, Oraibi, Hopi town, disputes this. Acoma is not to be regarded lightly, as the Span iards learned to their chagrin...« less