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Ancient Middle Niger: Urbanism and the Self-organizing Landscape (Case Studies in Early Societies)
Ancient Middle Niger Urbanism and the Selforganizing Landscape - Case Studies in Early Societies Author:Roderick J. McIntosh The cities of West Africa's Middle Niger, only recently brought to the world's attention, make us rethink the 'whys' and the 'wheres' of ancient urbanism. They present the archaeologist with a novelty; a non-nucleated, clustered city-plan with no centralized, state-focused power. This book explores the emergence of these cities in the first mill... more »ennium B.C. and the evolution of their hinterlands from the perspective of the self-organized landscape. Cities appeared in a series of profound transforms to the human-land relations and this book illustrates how each transform marked a leap in complexity.« less