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21st Century U.S. Army Unexploded Ordnance Operations Field Manual (FM 3-100.38) - Multiservice Procedures, Tactics, Techniques, Bombs, Projectiles, Mines
21st Century US Army Unexploded Ordnance Operations Field Manual Multiservice Procedures Tactics Techniques Bombs Projectiles Mines - FM 3-100.38 Author:Department of Defense This is the latest edition of an important U.S. Army field manual (FM) on Multiservice Procedures for Unexploded Ordnance Operations (also used by the Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps). It covers identifying, marking, reporting, and tracking UXO hazards. In the executive summary, it states: "This manual describes the UXO threat to friendl... more »y forces and operations; provides guidelines for planning, reporting, tracking, and marking UXO hazards and training recommendations for the joint force; provides commanders several options for applying force protection measures against UXO hazards; delineates the roles of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and engineer units with regard to UXO hazards; describes service-specific UXO missions and capabilities. Every military operation can produce UXO hazards. UXO pose a threat to operational mobility, personnel, equipment and facilities. Understanding the impact of UXO hazards and the procedures used to minimize their effects can maximize the efficiency of resources available during a joint operation. Establishing procedures and training the force to react to these hazards enhances joint force capabilities. This publication contains TTP (tactics, techniques, and procedures) to mitigate UXO hazards while conducting joint operations. This publication makes a critical distinction between land-based mines and other UXO hazards. Mines and minefields are, by definition, a category of UXO; distinction of the specific type of UXO is critical to determine which methods and forces to employ to mitigate the hazards of mines and other UXO. The breaching, reduction, or clearing of land-based mine hazards is primarily the responsibility of combat engineer units; the reduction or clearing of all other UXO hazards is primarily the responsibility of EOD units. Non-UXO trained military personnel should avoid, mark, and report UXO hazards using the methods prescribed by this publication. When possible, include UXO-trained personnel in any operation involving UXO. EOD technicians are the ordnance experts, however, EOD forces comprise less than one percent of the entire force. It is critical that EOD experts conduct detailed clearance of UXO hazards." Chapters and contents include: Organization - The chapters in this MTTP address UXO hazards, procedures for avoiding UXO hazards during joint operations, and unique service capabilities. The appendices of this MTTP are quick references defining specific skills needed when UXO hazards are encountered. Chapter I (UXO Hazards)-Defines UXO hazards and describes the degree of risk for different operational categories (such as maneuver, air assault, aviation, amphibious, and air base operations). Chapter II (Joint Force UXO Operations)-Describes the responsibilities for planning and executing a joint operation with UXO hazards. This chapter introduces the UXO reporting, marking, and tracking requirements and defines considerations when planning and conducting operations with UXO hazards. It also defines options commanders may use when confronting UXO hazards. Chapter III (Service Component Capabilities)-Outlines individual service missions, command and control (C2) structures, and specific capabilities of engineer and EOD forces of each service. Appendix A (Identifying UXO) - Assists non-UXO trained personnel in identifying the different types of UXO hazards. This appendix complements Appendix C by providing methods to describe and identify UXO hazards during reporting. Identification of the ordnance is a requirement for line 4 of the UXO Spot Report. Appendix B (Marking UXO) - Describes the procedures for marking UXO hazards to warn personnel operating in the proximity of the hazard and assists clearance personnel in finding the hazard. Appendix C (Reporting UXO) - Describes the routing and format of the UXO Spot Report. Appendix D (Protective Measures) - Provides three methods to protect personnel and equipment when operating near UXO hazards: evacuate, isolate, or barricade. This appendix further describes the benefits of each method and provides examples to assist with implementation. Appendix E (UXO Graphics) - Establishes graphic control measures to assist commanders, staff, and warfighters in tracking UXO hazards. This manual is produced by Headquarters, US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). It is fully illustrated with numerous line drawings.« less