Dr. G Clotaire Rapaille, or Gilbert Clotaire Rapaille, is a French-born American cultural anthropologist and author. He is the author of the best seller The Culture Code, and more than 10 other books, including 7 Secrets of Marketing in a Multi-Cultural World. Rapaille is also the CEO and Founder of Archetype Discoveries Worldwide, located in Palm Beach, Florida.
Today, Rapaille is best known for his contributions to the advertising and marketing business world, researching the impact of culture on business and markets. He is a hired consultant for companies wishing to break into new markets.
According to archived versions of his website, "Dr. Rapaille's technique for market research has grown out of his work in the areas of psychiatry, psychology, and cultural anthropology" and he "received a Masters of Political Science, a Masters of Psychology, and a Doctorate of Medical Anthropology from the Universite De Paris - Sorbonne."
Rapaille has also made many appearances as a marketing expert in US and international media, such as Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and CBS’s 60 Minutes. While his approach has also been covered by Fox News, CNN Money, Newsweek, Fortune, Forbes, Harvard Business Review, and Rolling Stones.
In addition to his books, he is known for advising politicians and advertisers on how to influence people's unconscious decision making. After moving to the United States in the early 80s, he has worked for 50 of the 100 biggest American companies cited by Fortune magazine. Among the clients he has worked for, according to his website, are General Motors, Procter & Gamble, General Electric, Boeing, IBM and AT&T.
He is also known as “the car shrink” in Detroit. Rapaille has been credited with design innovations for the PT Cruiser, SUVs, and the Hummer, and has worked with General Motors, Ford, Jeep, Citroën and Daimler Chrysler.
However, several elements of his biography, client list, and the field of his doctorate, were challenged in an investigation conducted by the newspaper tabloid Le Soleil in March 2010, following the award of a controversial contract to Rapaille by the city of Quebec. The embellishments on his résumé led to a cancellation of the contract.
Rapaille claims that his work identifies the unstated needs and wants of people in a certain culture or country, which he calls a cultural archetype.
Rapaille received a master's degree in political science and psychology and also received a doctorate in medical anthropology from the University of Paris—Sorbonne. While completing his doctorate, Dr. Rapaille became cultural diplomat (cultural attaché) at the French Embassy in Managua, Nicaragua from 1966 -1968.
He began teaching university courses at Sorbonne University and ran private practices as a psychoanalyst and psychotherapist, for ten years in France, using both the Freudian and Jungian approaches. He also spent time with autistic children, trying to figure out why they had a difficult time learning language. He made two important discoveries...that words are imprinted and then imprints are given meaning, context, and permanence when coupled with emotion. From his work with Bruno Bettelheim in the field of psychiatry and autism, he also learned that children from different cultures imprint words differently.
In addition to Sorbonne University in Paris, Dr. Rapaille has taught at St. Ignace, Antwerp, Belgium; Esade, Barcelona, Spain; INSEAD/CEDP, Fountainbleau, France; Thomas Jefferson College, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA; CPSI, New York State University, Buffalo, NY, USA; Geneva University, Switzerland; University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA; HEC/ISA (Business School), Paris et Jouy en Josas, France; Medical School UNAN, Managua, Nicaragua
Dr. Rapaille switched to business consulting in the early 1970s. Rapaille then founded Rapaille International, a consulting firm in Paris, Geneva, and Tokyo, where he began his career as a marketing researcher. He later moved to the U.S., and his list of clients included some corporate giants.
Dr. Rapaille started his work on Archetype Discoveries in 1976 to identify consumers unstated needs and wants. His work is in sharp contrast to the traditional market research, which relies specifically on what the permanent underlying structure of what people say through opinion surveys, focus groups or interviews to forecast behaviors.His research at Archetype Discoveries seeks to dig under ones "rational" reasoning, to uncover the true emotional and biological roots of ones opinions and behaviors. He believes that understanding this unconscious foundation gives one the tools to better motivate consumers, design new products, and improve communications strategies.
Dr. Rapaille developed his theory on the brain after working as a psychologist for autistic children and studying Konrad Lorentz theory of Imprints and John Bowlby theory of attachment. This work led him to believe that while children learn a given word and the idea connected with it, they associate it with certain emotions. He called that primal emotional association an imprint. This imprint determines our attitude towards a particular thing. These pooled individual imprints make up a collective cultural unconscious, which unconsciously pre-organize and influence the behavior of a culture.
Reptilian Brain
Rapaille subscribes to the triune brain theory of Paul D. MacLean, which describes three distinct brains: the cortex, limbic, and reptilian. Beneath the cortex, the seat of logic and reason, is the limbic, which houses emotions. Camouflaged underneath those is Rapaille's theorized brain...the reptilian.
Rapaille believes that buying decisions are strongly influenced by the reptilian brain, which is made up of the brain stem and the cerebellum. Only accessible via the subconscious, the reptilian brain is the home of our intrinsic instincts. It programs us for two major things: survival and reproduction. Rapaille proposes that in a three-way battle between the cortical, the limbic (home of emotion) and the reptilian areas, the reptilian always wins, because survival comes first. This theory has become the basis for his discovery of what a product means to consumers on the most fundamental level.
Rapaille’s mantra is “the reptilian brain always wins.”
Collective Cultural Unconscious
His consumer research seeks to understand what Dr. Rapaille has identified as the "collective cultural unconscious".In the opening of his book, 7 Secrets of Marketing, he says, "Cultures, like individuals, have an unconscious. This unconscious is active in each of us, making us do things we might not be aware of." This collective cultural unconscious can be further defined as a pool of shared imprinting experiences that unconsciously pre-organize and influence the behavior of a culture.
Rapaille's technique of "archetype discovery" stems from the psychoanalytic methods pioneered by the Viennese psychologist Ernest Dichter. This technique doesn't ask what people want, but why. These research methods focus on finding what he calls the “code”, the unconscious meaning people give to a particular product, service or relationship. Rapaille posits that sublimated emotional memories occupy a place between each individual's unconscious (Freud) and the collective unconscious of the entire human race (Jung).
An article published by Pierre-André Normandin in Le Soleil de Québec revealed that Rapaille's client list and CV contained several falsehoods and exaggerations. Following those revelations his contract with Quebec City was terminated. Rapaille was hired in February 2010, at the approximative cost of $300,000, by Quebec City's mayor Régis Labeaume to analyze the city's image on an international level. The mayor terminated his contract early on March 29, 2010.
Rapaille also caused controversy when during his investigation he said that the city of Quebec has a masochistic side to it.
? Laing (in French), Editions Universitaires Paris 1972
? La relations Creatrice (in French), Editions Universaires, 1973
? Je T’aime, Je Ne T’aime Pas (in French), with Dr. Michele C. Barazach, Minster of Health in the Goveremnt of Jacques Chirac, Editions Universitaires, Paris, 1974
? La Relazion Creatrice, (in Italian), Citadella Editrice, 1975
? Wisdom of Madness (in English), Thomas Jefferson College, Grand Valley State University, Michigan USA. Manuscript, 1975
? La Communication Creatrice (in French), Editions Dialogues, Paris, 1976
? Comprendre Ses Parents (in French), editions Menges, Paris, 1978
? Si Vous Écoutiez Vos Enfants (in French), Editions Menges, Paris, 1978
? Le Trouple (in French), Editions Menges, Paris, 1980
? Escuchelo: Es Su Hijo (in Spanish), Pomaire, Coleccion Libre, Barcelona, 1981
? Comprendre Ses Parents Et Ses Grands-Parents (in French), Marabout, Paris, 1982
? Versteh’ Deine eltern (in German), bucher, Munich 1984
? Seven Secrets of Marketing in a Multi-cultural World (in English), First Edition. Executive Excellence, Utah 2001; Second Edition. Tuxedo Productions, New York 2004
? Social Cancer: Decoding the Archetype of Terrorism (in English), Tuxedo Productions, New York, 2004
? The Culture Code, An Ingenious Way to Understand Why People Around the Word Live and Buy as They Do (in English, German, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Italian, and Russian), Broadway Books, New York 2006