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Search - Scientific Method In Biology

Scientific Method In Biology
Author: Elizabeth Blackwell

SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN BIOLOGY. SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN BIOLOGY BY DR. ELIZABETH BLACKWELL. LONDON c ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E. G. 1898. INTRODUCTION. A CONTROVERSY is persistently carried on between an increasing body of the non professional laity and an important section of the medical profession, in relation to the methods pur sued in i... more »nvestigating biological phenomena. The criticism of medical research by non medical people is naturally resented by some who are engaged in experimentation and it is stated seriously that non-scientific persons will impede progress if they interfere with, or succeed in restricting, the efforts of those who specially devote themselves to this branch of research. This controversy is still going on in ever-widen ing circles and it is bound to do so, until the present confusion of thought which exists on this subject is removed, and the broad distinction between right and wrong experimentation is more I 2 SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN BIOLOGY fully acknowledged and more clearly defined. Our relation to the lower animals has never yet been brought fully into the clear light of reason and conscience. Yet in the order of Providential development it must so come forward. As advancing humanity has gradually recog nised natural rights as existing in the various races of mankind is carrying on a persistent warfare against human slavery is slowly awaken ing to the moral crime of introducing disease and vice amongst native races and the rights, as well as duties, of women and of children are being gradually recognised so the time has come when the natural rights of inferior living creatures must be seriously studied. This study has become obligatory, not only in regard to the welfare of the brute creation, but for the sake of our own human growth as rational and moral beings. The common-sense of mankind recognises our right to use the lower animals for human benefit, whilst our superior intelligence gives us the power to so use them. But can and ought are different aspects of our mental constitution, INTRODUCTION 3 which require to be harmonized. What we can do is not the true measure of what we ought to do, in any department of life. We can starve a child, or lash a horse to death, but we have no right to do so. The laws of our human constitution compel us to recognise that intellect and conscience, although essential parts, are not identical parts of our nature. Long experience shows us that social progress can only become permanent when con science guides intelligence. How far the guidance of conscience can extend, with the practical results to medical research in volved in the recognition of such guidance, forms the subject of present consideration. I 2 I. THE GROWTH OF CONSCIENCE. IT is through the gradual and harmonious development of intelligence with that ele ment in our nature that we name conscience that the human race passes from lower to higher states of civilization. In pursuing our ideals, conscience is our instinctive monitor of right and wrong. Our great naturalist, Darwin, laid down as a law of evolution that the moral sense, or con science, is by far the most important of the differences between man and the lower animals. Duty ought is the most noble of all the attributes of man. Victor Hugo, with the prophetic insight of genius, calls conscience that modicum of innate science with which each one is born. The growth of human conscience, in its per THE GROWTH OF CONSCIENCE 5 ception of justice and in its sympathetic relation to creation, is the surest measure of indivi dual and national progress. Various intellectual theories may be formed as to the origin and growth of conscience. It may be held to be intui tive springing up as inevitably as the instinctive feelings born with the natural relations of life or it may be looked upon as gradually evolved the result of countless experiences of fear, love, utility, transmitted through generations...

ISBN-13: 9781406768817
ISBN-10: 1406768812
Publication Date: 3/15/2007
Pages: 84
Rating:

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Publisher: Myers Press
Book Type: Paperback
Members Wishing: 0
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